Aircraft heater



Feb. 26, 1929. 1,703,612

. A.- s. cARousso AiRCRAFT HEATER Filed July v, 1927 s Shets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR. d1). 6617034560, BY W 1' ATTORNEY Feb. 26, 1929. 1,703,612

- A. s. cARousso I AIRCRAFT HEATER IN VEN TOR.

@A'L'amwm 3 A TTORNE Y A. s. cARoussO AIRCRAFT HEATER I Filed Jul 7, 1927' s Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR. M49. Cam/21660,

A TTORNEY Patented Feb. 26, 1929.

UNITED STATES" LBISTIDES CAROUSSO, OF FLUSHING NEW .YOBK..

AIRCRAFT HEATER.

Application filed July 7,

This invention relates to airships.

It is well known that in the navigat on of airships in cold weather or at high altitudes itfrequently happens that the form of the ship is distorted bythe accumulation of frozen moisture on the outer coverings of the ship, this being in the form of ice, sleet/or snow. This accumulation of moisture i'ieeessarily adds to the load to be sustained by-the' ship whether the ship is'of the lighter than air type such as a dirigible balloon or whether it is of the heavier than air type such as'anaero lane. The continued accumulation of weig t in this manner tends toforce the ship down. Furthermore, in the case of aeroplanes not onlyis the accumulation injurious 25. remaining in the air, a weight of ice insuificient to overcome the flyin'giqualities of the machine when accumulated in this manner er -fectually destroying the lift.

The principal object of the persent inven-- tion'i's to. provide a novel and improved con struction' of airship wherein the heat of the engine exhaust is-utilized to maintain the outer-covering of the ship, especially the 3 wingsiu' 'aeroplanes, in a heated condition so that .ice,'s'leet and Show will melt as fast as they form or fall on the ship and thus not only prevent the addition of weight but also prevent the distortion of the lift surfaces or other form of the ship.

A second important object of the invention is to so dispose of the exhaust from the engine that it will not only effectually warm the wings of an aeroplane but these Wings will themselves act as a mufiier for eliminating the noise of the exhaust.

With the above and other objects in view as will be hereinafter apparent, the invention consists in general of certain novel details of construction and combinations of parts hereinafter fully described, illustrated in the accompanying drawings and specifically claimed. p In the accompanying drawings like charac- 1921. Serlalm. echoes;

ters of reference indicate like parts in the several Views, and

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic-side, elevation of an aeroplane showing atypical travel of the exhaust from the engine through the wings with this invention in use. a

Figure 2 is a plan view. artl-y broken away ShOWlIl a lower pair of wings with'the meansfor con ucting exhaust from theengine therethrough. Figure 3 is a showing a pair of upper wings'in one form of the invention. I i v Figure 1: is a view showing a modified form of the invention.

Figure 5 is a diagrammatic' view showing the travel ofthe exhaust when the wings shown in Figures 2 and3'are used. 1 -'.'F1g'l11B 6 is a diagrammatic viewshowing view similar to Figure 2 but similar to Figure 3 but the :travel of the exhaust'when the wings shown'in Figures 2 and 4 are used; F1gure7-1s a diagrammatic section on the line 7-7 of Figure 2.

Figure 8 is a diagrammatic section'' on the line 8-8 of Figure 3.

Figure 9 is a diagrammatic section on the line 9-9 ofF-i'gure' 4.

FigurelO is a view of a modified'arr'angement wherein the exhaust gases are allowed to flow on the outside of the wings.

Figure 11 is a diagrammatic View similar to Figures 5 and 6 showing the distribution of the exhaust gases in the form shown in Fig. ure 10. P

'i Figure 12 is a diagrammatic section on the line 12--12 of Figure 10.

For the purpose of illustrating the inven- 1on the general arrangement has been shown 1n Flgure l'wherein an aeroplane 10 is provlded with an engine 11, lower wings 12 and upper wlngs 13. At the front these lower and upper wings, which are hollow, are connec ted by hollow struts 14 so that communicatlon 1s had between the interiors of the lower and upper wings. The dotted lines 15 in this figure indicates'the path of the hot gases from the exhaust through these wings and it will be seen that the exhaust first takes a circuitous path through the lower wings, then passesup through the struts 14 and flows through the upper wings from front to rear, escaping at the rear or trailing edge portion.

In the form shown in Figure 2 the lower wings are illustrated and it will be seen that from the engine 11 a pair of exhaust pipes 16 lead to the forward or leading edge of the lower Wings and in each wing the pipe is con-- ducted outwardly along the leading edge and returned by a large loop 17 to the lower end of the respective strut 14.. Passing up to the upper wings 13 the exhaust is led outwardly on each wing as at 18 and in the form shown in Figure 3 the pipe extends rearwardly and then inwardly as at 19. adjacent the trailing edge, outlet pipes 20 branching off and projecting upwardly at a slight angle through the top of the wing adjacent said trailing edge.

, In the form shown in Figure 4 the pipe section 18 is provided with outlet nozzles 21 and the wing covering itself is provided near the trailing edge withexhaust nozzles 22, ba-files 2'3 being aligned in staggered relation, as best seen in Figure 9, between the nozzles 21 and '22 sothat the exhaust gases follow the path shown by. the dotted line 24 in Figure 9. In botlr Figure 3 and Figure 4 the cited; of the exhaust nozzles 20 and 22 re spectiyely is to increase the rarefied or vac- I uum areawhichexists over the top of a properly constructed aeroplane wing and thusthis arrangement not only heats the wings but also tends to assist in the actual lift.

In the form shown in Figure 10 each Wing is treated alike-and in this form the lower wing 12 is shown along the leading edge of which extends a pipe 24 (if arcuate cross section as can be seen by reference to Figure 12, this pipe thus hugs the leading edge of the wing closely and from the ,top and bottom edges of the pipe extend exhaust nozzles 25 so that the hot ainescaping from these nozzles flows along the wing in the direction shown by the arrows in Figure 12. The upper wings 13, as will be seen by reference to Figure 11, are treated in thesame manner.

It will now be obvious that under these conditions the wings will be kept warm so i that any tendency to accumulate ice,sleet or snow will be eliminated and the wings will thus retain their true form and weight will not be added thereto to tend to depress the plane or distort the proper aerofoil section.

clude all such as There has'thus been provided a simple and" etI-icientdevice of the kind described and for the purpose specified.

It is obvious that minor changes may be made in the form and construction of the invention without departing from the material spirit thereof. It is not, therefore, desired to confine the invention to the exact form herein shown and described, but it isdesired to inproperly come within the scope claimed.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new, is:

1. In a biplane having an engine and upper- -and lower pairs of hollow wings, hollow struts connecting saidwiugs and afiording communication between the spaces in the lower wings and the spaces in the upper wings, pipes leading from the engine exhaust and extending into the lower wings at the leading edges thereof, said pipes bein extended in a circuitous path through sai wings to the hollow struts, pipe sections extendmg from the upper ends of said strut-s along the interior of said up or wings and provided with escape ports, said upper wings having exhaust ports in their rear parts, and bafiles in said upper wingsbetween the escape and eX- haust ports. I

2. In a biplane having an engine and upper and lower wings of hollow conformation, hollow struts connecting said wings and afiord ing communication between the spaces wi-thin said wings, pipes leading from the engine exhaust and extending into the lower wing, pipes positioned within the upper win and connecting with the hollow struts, ex man-st; nozzles in said last mentioned pipes, the said pipes in both lower and upper wings being bent-to substantially encircle the interiors of the-hollow wings, whereby the exhaust gases pass into the lowerpipes and thence through the hollow struts into the upper pipes and through the exhaust nozzles, substantially as described. I

In testimdny whereof I aflix my signature ARISTIDES S. CAROUSSO 

